Python 研究(Dive Into Python)

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2001-02-09 (2.3)

• Rewrote some of the code in 第 5 章 对象和面向对象 to use class attributes and a better example of multi-variable assignment.
• Reorganized 第 5 章 对象和面向对象 to put the class sections first.
• Added 第 5.8 节 “类属性介绍”.
• Added 第 6.1 节 “异常处理”.
• Added 第 6.2 节 “与文件对象共事”.
• Merged the “review” section in 第 5 章 对象和面向对象 into 第 5.1 节 “概览”.
• Colorized all program listings and examples.
• Fixed important error in 第 2.2 节 “函数声明”: functions that do not explicitly return a value return None, so you can assign the return value of such a function to a variable without raising an exception.
• Added minor clarifications to 第 2.3 节 “文档化函数”, 第 2.4 节 “万物皆对象”, and 第 3.4 节 “变量声明”.

2001-02-02 (2.2)

• Edited 第 4.4 节 “通过 getattr 获取对象引用”.
• Added titles to xref tags, so they can have their cute little tooltips too.
• Changed the look of the revision history page.
• Fixed problem I introduced yesterday in my HTML post-processing script that was causing invalid HTML character references and breaking some browsers.
• Upgraded to version 1.29 of the DocBook XSL stylesheets.

2001-02-01 (2.1)

• Rewrote the example code of 第 4 章 自省的威力 to use getattr instead of exec and eval, and rewrote explanatory text to match.
• Added example of list operators in 第 3.2 节 “List 介绍”.
• Added links to relevant sections in the summary lists at the end of each chapter (第 3.8 节 “小结” and 第 4.9 节 “小结”).

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2001-01-31 (2.0)

• Split 第 5.6 节 “专用类方法” into three sections, 第 5.5 节 “探索 UserDict: 一个封装类”, 第 5.6 节 “专用类方法”, and 第 5.7 节 “高级专用类方法”.
• Changed notes on garbage collection to point out that Python 2.0 and later can handle circular references without additional coding.
• Fixed UNIX downloads to include all relevant files.

2001-01-15 (1.9)

• Removed introduction to 第 2 章 第一个 Python 程序.
• Removed introduction to 第 4 章 自省的威力.
• Removed introduction to 第 5 章 对象和面向对象.
• Edited text ruthlessly. I tend to ramble.

2001-01-12 (1.8)

• Added more examples to 第 3.4.2 节 “一次赋多值”.
• Added 第 5.3 节 “类的定义”.
• Added 第 5.4 节 “类的实例化”.
• Added 第 5.6 节 “专用类方法”.
• More minor stylesheet tweaks, including adding titles to link tags, which, if your browser is cool enough, will display a description of the link target in a cute little tooltip.

2001-01-03 (1.71)

• Made several modifications to stylesheets to improve browser compatibility.

2001-01-02 (1.7)

• Added introduction to 第 2 章 第一个 Python 程序.
• Added introduction to 第 4 章 自省的威力.
• Added review section to 第 5 章 对象和面向对象 [later removed]
• Added 第 5.9 节 “私有函数”.
• Added 第 6.3 节 “for 循环”.
• Added 第 3.4.2 节 “一次赋多值”.
• Wrote scripts to convert book to new output formats: one single HTML file, PDF, Microsoft Word 97, and plain text.
• Registered the diveintopython.org domain and moved the book there, along with links to download the book in all available output formats for offline reading.
• Modified the XSL stylesheets to change the header and footer navigation that displays on each page. The top of each page is branded with the domain name and book version, followed by a breadcrumb trail to jump back to the chapter table of contents, the main table of contents, or the site home page.

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2000-12-11 (1.6)

• Added 第 4.8 节 “全部放在一起”.
• Finished 第 4 章 自省的威力 with 第 4.9 节 “小结”.
• Started 第 5 章 对象和面向对象 with 第 5.1 节 “概览”.

2000-11-22 (1.5)

• Added 第 4.6 节 “and 和 or 的特殊性质”.
• Added 第 4.7 节 “使用 lambda 函数”.
• Added appendix that lists section abstracts.
• Added appendix that lists tips.
• Added appendix that lists examples.
• Added appendix that lists revision history.
• Expanded example of mapping lists in 第 3.6 节 “映射 list”.
• Encapsulated several more common phrases into entities.
• Upgraded to version 1.25 of the DocBook XSL stylesheets.

2000-11-14 (1.4)

• Added 第 4.5 节 “过滤列表”.
• Added dir documentation to 第 4.3 节 “使用 type、str、dir 和其它内置函数”.
• Added in example in 第 3.3 节 “Tuple 介绍”.
• Added additional note about if __name__ trick under MacPython.
• Switched to 由 Michael Kay 编制的 SAXON XSLT 解析器.
• Upgraded to version 1.24 of the DocBook XSL stylesheets.
• Added db-html processing instructions with explicit filenames of each chapter and section, to allow deep links to content even if I add or re-arrange sections later.
• Made several common phrases into entities for easier reuse.
• Changed several literal tags to constant.

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2000-11-09 (1.3)

• Added section on dynamic code execution.
• Added links to relevant section/example wherever I refer to previously covered concepts.
• Expanded introduction of chapter 2 to explain what the function actually does.
• Explicitly placed example code under the GNU General Public License and added appendix to display license. [Note 8/16/2001: code has been re-licensed under GPL-compatible Python license]
• Changed links to licenses to use xref tags, now that I know how to use them.

2000-11-06 (1.2)

• Added first four sections of chapter 2.
• Tightened up preface even more, and added link to Mac OS version of Python.
• Filled out examples in "Mapping lists" and "Joining strings" to show logical progression.
• Added output in chapter 1 summary.

2000-10-31 (1.1)

• Finished chapter 1 with sections on mapping and joining, and a chapter summary.
• Toned down the preface, added links to introductions for non-programmers.
• Fixed several typos.

2000-10-30 (1.0)

• Initial publication

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附录 F. 关于本书
本书的英文版是用 Emacs 以 DocBook XML 格式写成的, 使用 由 Norman Walsh 编制的 XSL 样式表 的经过客户化的版本由 由 Michael Kay 编制的 SAXON XSLT 解析器 转化为 HTML。在此基础上, 使用 HTMLDoc 将其转化为 PDF; 使用 w3m 将其转化为无格式文本 (plain text)。（本书的简体中文版是使用译者习惯使用的编辑器对 XML 源代码进行翻译, 并使用原书作者提供的创建脚本输出了 html 版和 htmlflat 版，使用 HTML Help Workshop 生成了chm版本。）程序清单和例子使用了由 Just van Rossum 编写的 pyfontify.py 程序的改进版本进行了语法着色, 此程序包含在示例脚本中。
如果您对学习用 DocBook 进行技术方面的写作感兴趣, 可以 下载本书的 XML 源代码 和 创建脚本, 它包含了用于创建本书各种输出格式的经过客户化的 XSL 样式表）。您还应该阅读权威著作, DocBook: The Definitive Guide。如果您打算用 DocBook 进行任何正式的写作, 我建议您订阅 DocBook 邮件列表。

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附录 G. GNU Free Documentation License
G.0. Preamble
G.1. Applicability and definitions
G.2. Verbatim copying
G.3. Copying in quantity
G.4. Modifications
G.5. Combining documents
G.6. Collections of documents
G.7. Aggregation with independent works
G.8. Translation
G.9. Termination
G.10. Future revisions of this license
G.11. How to use this License for your documents
Version 1.1, March 2000

Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

G.0. Preamble
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for modifications made by others.

This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license designed for free software.

We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.

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G.1. Applicability and definitions
This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the terms of this License. The "Document", below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you".

A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated into another language.

A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly within that overall subject. (For example, if the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding them.

The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says that the Document is released under this License.

The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that the Document is released under this License.

A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose specification is available to the general public, whose contents can be viewed and edited directly and straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".

Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML designed for human modification. Opaque formats include PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally available, and the machine-generated HTML produced by some word processors for output purposes only.

The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text.

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G.2. Verbatim copying
You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.

You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you may publicly display copies.

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G.3. Copying in quantity
If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than 100, and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects.

If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent pages.

If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material, which the general network-using public has access to download anonymously at no charge using public-standard network protocols. If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public.

It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.

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G.4. Modifications
You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:

• Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
• List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the Document (all of its principal authors, if it has less than five).
• State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified Version, as the publisher.
• Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
• Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to the other copyright notices.
• Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
• Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
• Include an unaltered copy of this License.
• Preserve the section entitled "History", and its title, and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If there is no section entitled "History" in the Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified Version as stated in the previous sentence.
• Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the network locations given in the Document for previous versions it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section. You may omit a network location for a work that was published at least four years before the Document itself, or if the original publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
• In any section entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", preserve the section's title, and preserve in the section all the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.
• Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
• Delete any section entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may not be included in the Modified Version.
• Do not retitle any existing section as "Endorsements" or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.

If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a standard.
You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version.