7 Web Development Trends You Can Expect in 2018

AlexQin

In web development, the saying “The only constant is change” seems to be industry-defining. Web development is changing every second and 2018 will be no different.

User expectations are growing and it is more important than ever to build digital experiences  that are engaging, fun, and intuitive. Content needs to be accessible everywhere, in real-time, and, of course, on mobile devices.

In order to make that happen, new programming languages and frameworks are on the rise (Hello Vue JS!), extensions are becoming more compatible, and real time web apps are becoming more popular.

In order to keep up with what is happening, we want to show you the top 7 web development trends that are happening right now!

Happy reading!

AlexQin

2. Functional Programming benefits from Javascript improvements

Functional programming has been up and coming for years, but its impact will increase in 2018 again. Functional Programming (FP) describes the process of building software based on fundamental principles. Principles of functional programming include building software by composing pure functions. Shared state, mutable data and side effects are avoided in FP.

Functional code is more predictable, and some say ‘easier’ than object oriented code. It is definitely easier to test. If you have been working in Javascript for a while, you are very likely to have encountered functional programming principles and concepts, which encourage developers to decompose a program into small functions.

1. // classic
   
2. var numbers = [1, 5, 8, 13];
   
3. var doubledNumbers = [];
   
4. 
   
5. for (var i=0; i < numbers.length; i++) {
   
6.    doubledNumbers[i] = numbers[i] * 2;
   
7. }
   
8. 
   
9. // functional
   
10. var numbers = [1, 5, 8, 13];
    
11. var doubledNumbers = numbers.map(function(number) {
    
12.    return number * 2;
    
13. });

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In 2018, Functional Programming especially benefits from the recent Javascript improvements such as ES6 and ES7.

Useful for functional programming are the following Javascript improvements:

Arrow functions: Arrow functions reduce boilerplate when writing functions.
We can simplify the example from above even more with arrow functions:

1. // functional ES6
   
2. const numbers = [1, 5, 8, 13];
   
3. const doubledNumbers = numbers.map((number) => number * 2);

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Object/Array Spread: Object spread makes it really easy to avoid mutating objects, because it is so much easier to create new objects that contain existing values.  Here’s an example demonstrating it:

1. // old school
   
2. var oldState = { email: 'foo@example.com', comment: 'i really like javascript' };
   
3. var newState = {};
   
4. Object.assign(newState, oldState, { ip: '192.168.5.87' });
   
5. 
   
6. // with spread
   
7. const oldState = { email: 'foo@example.com', comment: 'i really like javascript' };
   
8. const newState = { ...oldState, ip: '192.168.5.87' };

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async/await: Sometimes we do need to call functions that have side effects, even in functional programming – e.g. when we’re talking to our backend. Often we even have multiple calls that depend on each other. First there was callback hell, then came promises, and now async/await has come to make these things even easier.

AlexQin

3. Extensions get more compatible

Browser-extensions have been key add-ons for Chrome, Firefox and Co. for years. What is new in 2018 and what will continue to grow is browser extension compatibility.

What does that mean?

Browser Extensions are bits of code written in JavaScript, HTML, and CSS. They modify the functionality of a web browser and can add new features, change appearances or content of websites. Extensions used to be build for a specific browser, such as Chrome or Firefox. This is changing as Firefox is also supporting Chrome extensions and Edge is catching up on this as well.

In the developer manual of Mozilla you get an explanation of this cross-browser support system:

“Extensions for Firefox are built using WebExtensions APIs, a cross-browser system for developing extensions. To a large extent the API is compatible with the extension API supported by Google Chrome and Opera. Extensions written for these browsers will in most cases run in Firefox or Microsoft Edge with just a few changes. The API is also fully compatible with multiprocess Firefox.”

While Firefox extensions were using three different systems in the past, WebExtension APIs will now be the only way to develop Firefox extensions, making them available for other browser systems as well.

There has been some controversy around that because since the introduction of Firefox 57 (Quantum), the old extensions no longer work. Once a new version with a new API was released the old extension was gone.

To test the browser compatibility of your extension, you can make use of this simple extension compatibility tester.

AlexQin

4. Real-Time Web Apps are getting more popular

Real time web apps, based on websockets, have been around for years, but they are getting more and more popular. The reason: users want fast interactions and real time web apps are delivering on the need to share information instantly.

The main idea of real-time web apps is that a connection between client and server is left open, and the server pushes the new data once it’s there. Prior to real time web apps, clients had to check back manually to find out if something new had happened.

While this has been very common in the world of Node.js, this trend is really spreading to other languages and frameworks as well. Even Ruby on Rails, a framework which has always relied heavily on server side rendering, and very long ignored the rise of Javascript single-page-applications, has seen the need for realtime (as you can see in Basecamp 3), and incorporated it under the name “ActionCable”.

AlexQin

5. Progressive Web Apps

Progressive web apps are web apps with the functionality and design of mobile apps.

While the question has long been: How can we emulate web content for mobile – it is now the other way round. Web applications are trying to emulate what is working on mobile to give their (mobile) users a familiar touch and feel.

The idea is to create app-like experience on web pages or websites.

Here are some of the benefits, Google lists in its developer manual on why you should build a PWA:

• Worthy of being on the home screen
  
  

When the Progressive Web App criteria are met, Chrome prompts users to add the Progressive Web App to their home screen.

• Work reliably, no matter the network conditions
  
  

Service workers enabled Konga to send 63% less data for initial page loads, and 84% less data to complete the first transaction!

• Increased engagement
  
  

Web push notifications helped eXtra Electronics increase engagement by 4X. And those users spend twice as much time on the site.

• Improved conversions
  
  

The ability to deliver an amazing user experience helped AliExpress improve conversions for new users across all browsers by 104% and on iOS by 82%.

AlexQin

6. Mastering Mobile Web Development

With mobile traffic increasing every day, responsive websites have become obligatory in the last years. In 2018, it is time to really master mobile development. The question is no longer: Does our website work on mobile? It is: How does it work on mobile best?

80% of internet users are owning a smartphone and they are using it. In fact, the average time spent on mobile devices is steadily increasing and has gone up to over 5 hours per day, according to TechCrunch.

Mastering mobile development and understanding how content can be best consumed on smaller devices will be a key challenge in 2018.

One key element to achieve that is that content must be easily navigable with one hand. Think about how you are using your smartphone. You might read articles while standing in the bus or subway and you might be texting when walking through supermarket aisles. Chances are you are doing some of these things with just one hand.

According to Steven Hoober, 49% of smartphone uses are executed with one hand, not cradled and not two handed. 49 percent of the time are we holding and browsing on our phone.

That means navigation has to be adapted for the thumb to reach every or the most part of the screen.

Thumb zones on different iOS devices. Illustration: Scott Hurff

AlexQin

7. Material Design

Material Design is a popular design trend that is likely to gain more popularity. It was developed by Google in an attempt to combine visual material and motion.

Material design is based on the modern, responsive Materialize CSS framework that comes in two forms: Materialize and Sass. It is based on Google’s material design language and provides components such as Parallax and Toast. It is compatible with all modern browsers and it is something that scores high in user experience design.

Material design used at https://gusto.com/

AlexQin

Wrapping it up.

New frameworks, design trends, user expectations, and mobile developments are changing web development every day. The main thing is: Web development is responding to growing user expectations and design trends. Like Google’s material design, which is likely to gain more popularity in 2018. Or the need to communicate and work together in real time from everywhere.

No matter what you will be working on in 2018, these are exciting times and an exciting industry to be working in!

AlexQin

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AlexQin

good job