TCP/IPNetwork Administration-Solaris™ Operating Environment

bnso

21. What is the purpose of the SOA resource record?

a. To define an alias host name
b. To identify who has authoritative responsibility for the domain
c. To specify hosts who are configured to receive mail sent to the domain
d. To relate an IP address with a host name

Answer: b

22. What is the purpose of the "nameserver" keyword in the /etc/resolv.conf file?

a. To specify the DHCP servers to query by IP address
b. To specify domain names to append to names which were not specified in FQDN format and what order to append them
c. To specify the DNS servers to query by IP address
d. To specify the DNS servers to query by host name

Answer: c

23. What file is this an example of?

a. /etc/named.boot
b. /etc/resolv.conf
c. /etc/hosts
d. /etc/nsswitch.conf
e. /etc/named.conf

Answer: e

24. The daemon that starts NTP is ______.

a. /etc/init.d/xntpd
b. /etc/init.d/ntp
c. /etc/init.d/Sxntpd

Answer: a

25. True or False: The below macro definition has another macro imbedded within it.

a. True
b. False

Answer: a
This is true because of the "Include=SUNW" statement

bnso

26. What file determines whether a system will start as an NTP server or NTP client?

a. /etc/hosts
b. /etc/inet/ntp.conf
c. /etc/inet/ntp.server
d. /etc/inet/ntp.client

Answer: b
The /etc/rc2.d/S74xntpd startup script checks for the existence of the /etc/inet/ntp.conf file
and starts the NTP daemon in either server or client mode depending on the contents of the file.

27. What command would you use to stop an NTP client or server?

a. make time stop
b. stop time
c. /etc/init.d/ntpd stop
d. /etc/init.d/xntp stop

Answer: d

28. Which of the following examples do NOT represent a Relative Domain name (RDN)?

a. pgserver10
b. pgserver10.corp.sun.com.
c. sun.com.
d. pgserver10.corp.sun.com

Answer: b,c
a Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) will include the trailing dot.  Relative Domain Names (RDN) do not
end in a dot.

29. What is the purpose of the in-addr.arpa. domain?

a. So that applications that have a known IP address can look up a DNS domain name of a host
b. To provide a mechanism of representing an IP address in domain name form
c. To provide a mechanism of representing a domain name in IP address form
d. So that applications that have a known DNS domain name can look up an IP address of a host

Answer: a,b

30. Which two types of DNS servers are authoritive for the domains they serve?

a. caching-only server
b. secondary server
c. forwarding server
d. primary server

Answer: b,d
authoritive means that the information is sourced from a disk-based file, which a primary and secondary
DNS server are. Non-authoritive servers source information from a server cache.

bnso

31. During the DNS client name resolution process, which file is read first?

a. /etc/inet/hosts
b. /etc/nsswitch.conf
c. /etc/resolv.conf
d. /etc/named.conf

Answer: b

32. True or False: The DNS reduces server/network load by having servers cache information taken from other
DNS servers

a. True
b. False

Answer: a

33. The most frequently used implementation of the DNS in the Unix environment is ______.

a. bind
b. WINS
c. dnsd
d. vfind

Answer: a
Solaris 8 implements Bind version 8.1.2

34. True or False: The top of the DNS tree contains a nameless root domain, which is used as a placeholder
and contains naming information.

a. True
b. False

Answer: b
The root domain contains no naming information

35. The _______ level domain is typically the first place the NIC delegates authority for the domain
to some other local organization.

a.root
b.top
c.second
d.FQDN

Answer: c

bnso

36. A stub resolver sends _______ DNS queries to local name servers.

a. authorative
b. iterative
c. non-authorative
d. recursive

Answer: d
In BIND, the resolver is just a set of library routines that is linked into programs such as telnet and ftp. It's not even a separate process. It has the smarts to put together a query, to send it and wait for an answer, and to resend the query if it isn't answered, but that's about all. Most of the burden of finding an answer to the query is placed on the name server. The DNS specs call this kind of resolver a stub resolver.  Why couldn't the local name server simply have referred the resolver to another name server? Because a stub resolver wouldn't have had the intelligence to follow a referral. And how did the name server know not to answer with a referral? Because the stub resolver
issued a recursive query.  The queried name server is obliged to respond with the requested data or with an error stating that data of the requested type don't exist or that the domain name specified doesn't exist.  The name server can't just refer the stub resolver to a different name server, because the query was recursive.

37. True or False: All DNS servers cache information for remote domains over which they are non-authorative.

a. True
b. False

Answer: a

38. Why is an authorative answer from a DNS server better than a non-authorative answer?

a. authorative answers are sourced from disk, and are more likely to be correct
b. authorative answers are sourced from cache, and are returned quicker to the resolver
c. non-authorative answers are sourced from cache, and are more likely to be correct
d. non-authorative answers may be incorrect due to the updating of domain data after they are cached

Answer: a,d

39. Given the following /etc/resolv.conf file:

search corp.hp.com ; paloalto.hp.com ; acct.hp.com ; hp.com
nameserver 15.32.17.2
nameserver 15.32.17.4

Choose the default domain.

a. acct.hp.com
b. hp.com
c. corp.hp.com
d. paloalto.hp.com

Answer: c
The keyword "search" starts the line in column one, followed by from one to six domain names, in the
order you want them searched. The first domain in the list is interpreted as the default domain.

40. Which file below contains the mappings of names to IP addresses for all systems in the domain
being served by the name server?

a. /var/named/domain-info
b. /var/named/named.root
c. /var/named/inverse-domain-info
d. /etc/named.conf

Answer: a

bnso

41. Given the below /var/named/domain-info file, what field determines if a secondary master
server should perform a zone transfer of the zone data?

a. Serial number
b. Refresh timer
c. Retry timer
d. Expire timer

Answer: a
The Serial number is used by secondary master servers to see if they need to perform a zone
transfer.  Anytime you make changes to this file you must remember to update the serial number
in such a manner that it gets larger. (It is always safe to start at one and add one with each change.)
The refresh timer field is a time interval, in seconds, after which the secondary master servers
should check to see if the serial number has changed and, hence, a new zone transfer needs to occur.

42. Using the nslookup utility, which command below would you use to change the DNS server to server16.sun.com?

a. > set server=server16.sun.com
b. > server server16.sun.com
c. > set type=server16.sun.com
d. > server=server16.sun.com

Answer: b

43. The /etc/named.conf file accepts a _______ to begin comment lines in the file, while /var/named/root, /var/named/domain-info, and /etc/resolv.conf accept _______ to begin comment lines.

a.  
b.  
c.  
d.  

Answer: a

44. There is a ______ character limit (including the dots) per FQDN and a _______ character limit per
domain label.

a. 256, ; 64
b. 255, ; 63
c. 63,  ; 255
d. 64,  ; 256

Answer: b

45. Using the below ping command, you attempt to communicate with a host on the other side of your
router and receive an error message.

Why was the error message generated?

a. The destination host is down
b. link-local addresses will not be routed
c. You need to configure the router to allow routing
d. site-local addresses will not be routed

Answer: b
The address starts with FE8, which is link-local and will not be routed.

bnso

46. IPv6 routing will only be started if the _________ file exists.

a. /etc/hostname6.<INT>
b. /etc/default/ipv6
c. /etc/inet/ndpd.conf
d. /etc/inet/ripngd

Answer: c
The /etc/hostname6.<INT> file needs to exist for IPv6 to be running on that interface. Answers "b" and "d" are
bogus files.  The only routing daemon for Solaris is in.ripngd, but no configuration file is required.  The neighbor discovery protocol daemon, in.ndpd, is started by /etc/init.d/inetinit if the /etc/inet/ndpd.conf file
exists. The file can be created by using the touch command and then rebooting the system.

47. From the selection below, which terms once identified with IPv4 are no longer associated
with IPv6?

a. ARP
b. ICMP
c. netmask configuration
d. RARP
e. IGMP
f. multicasting
g. duplicate IP addresses

Answer: a,c,d,g

48. Which of the following is NOT a feature of Neighbor Discovery protocol for IPv6?

a. Discover the presence of other systems
b. Discover routers
c. Obtain ethernet addresses similar to how ARP was used in IPv4
d. configure a subnet mask similar to IPv4
e. Gather reachability information about paths to active neighbors

Answer: d

49. Hosts belonging to multicast groups use _____ to report their memberships to local mulicast routers

a. RDISC
b. ICMPv6
c. IGMP
d. RIP

Answer: c

50. True or False: A single interface may have multiple IPv6 addresses, including multicast addresses.

a. True
b. False

Answer: a

bnso

51. What is a unicast address?

a. packets are delivered to all interfaces
b. Packets are delivered to exactly one interface
c. Packets are delivered to the nearest interface

Answer: b
Unicast was called point-to-point in IPv4

52. In IPv6, ________ autoconfiguration is the prefered method for autoconfiguring a host with an IP address.

a. stateless
b. stateful
c. classless
d. class

Answer: a
Stateful autoconfiguration requires additional setup of a configuration server, such as a DHCP server and
therefore is not as attractive a solution as stateless autoconfiguration is.  With Stateless autoconfiguration,
hosts generate their own link-local addresses by using a combination of locally available information and information advertised by routers.

53. Which of the following IPv6 addresses are reserved for special use?

a. 1:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
b. 1:1:1:1:0:0:0:0
c. 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
d. 1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1
e. 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1

Answer: c,e
IPv6 address 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 is used by a system that has not yet been assigned an IP address.
IPv6 address 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 is used as a loopback address, similar to 127.0.0.1 in IPv4.

54. True or False: Packets routed using IPv6 can be routed much faster than IPv4 due to simplified headers.

a. True
b. False

Answer: a

55. The system ________ is used in generating an IPv6 global address.

a. IP address
b. MAC address
c. Host ID

Answer: b

bnso

56.
Which of the following are valid Format Prefixes (FP) in IPv6?

a. FE8
b. EEC
c. FEC
d. FF
e. CC

Answer: a,c,d
FE8 is link-local.  FEC is site-local.  FF is multicast.

57. Solaris 8 supports IPv6 in ______ mode.

a. combined
b. bridged
c. dual-stack
d. exclusive

Answer: c
This means that the kernel can understand traffic for both IPv4 and IPv6. The operating system cannot support an IPv6-only network scheme at this time.

58. To configure a Solaris 8 system to use IPv6, create a ______ file and restart.

a. /etc/IPv6.hme0
b. /etc/hostname6.hme0
c. /etc/hosts.hme0

Answer: b
This can also be done using the ifconfig command. Example:
ifconfig hme0:1 inet6 plumb up

59. The IPv6 equivalent of /etc/hosts is ______.

a. /etc/hosts
b. /etc/inet/IPv6hosts
c. /etc/inet/ipnodes
d. /etc/IPv6hosts

Answer: c
Note that this affects name resolution too.  
Example:  the entry an IPv6 system looks for in the /etc/nsswitch.conf
file is "ipnodes: files dns nisplus", not "hosts: files dns nisplus".

60. Because of IPv6, a new DNS record type, ______, has been created.

a. AA
b. AAAA
c. IPv6
d. LONGIP

Answer: b
This is also known as Quad A

bnso

Part 5
1.Variable Length Subnet Masks(VLSM) provides what advantages?

More efficient use of assigned IP addresses x
More hosts per subnet
Route aggregation x
Unlimited subnets

2.Which are NOT true about ARP?

Both the sending and receiving hosts of an ARP request will update its ARP table for each other.
ARP tables can be incomplete. That is, only an IP address which is not mapped to a ethernet address x
ARP entries are permenant when learned via ARP broadcasts x
The "arpinfo" command will display the arp table x

.** ARP entries have TTL's(time to live) of typically 5 minutes unless manually entered. The command to display the arp table is "arp -a"

3.Address resolution(ARP, RARP) is handled between the Network Interface and Internet Layers.

True x
False

4.What does "BASE" mean in the 100BASE-5 specification

BASE = Start from zero - All traffic must begin with 0 as base
BASE = Stands for Baseband which means the entire capacity of the medium is used x
BASE = Simply a seperator between speed and length(No Meaning); 100 speed BASE 500 meters in length
BASE = Stands for Basis which is a term defining the Ethernet medium

5.Which statements are true concerning DHCP and BOOTP?

DHCP does not support BOOTP clients x
DHCP supports leasing of IP addresses x
To support BOOTP, DHCP needs to have a BOOTP table configured x
IP address allocation can be based on multiple criteria. x

bnso

6.Which of the following are examples of why systems would use RARP?

Diskless systems x
Ping an IP address
Locate gateway
Jumpstart Systems x

7.By default, RIP broadcasts every 30 seconds and RDISC broadcasts every 10 minutes.

True x
False

8.When routing a packet, the kernel checks for a default gateway in its routing table. If found, the kernel updates the destination IP address of the packet to the default gateway and delivers the packet.

True
False x

** It will replace the destination ethernet address with that of the default router. It never updates the destination IP address in routing packets.

9.Which of the following are reasons to subnet a network?

Security x
Isolation of Traffic x
Localizaton of protocols x
Administration x

** Also geographical or departmental association

10 What are the two functions of the DHCP client?

Manages the IP address space or pool
Establish an endpoint for network communications x
Provide system and application level software parameters x
Maintain IP address leases