贸易相关术语

zyumi

8. Inspection-related Terms 检验相关术语


Customs Inspection 海关查验
Commodity Inspection 商品检验
Tally 理货
Tally Report 理货报告
Check 查验/检查/核对
Fumigation treatment with a pesticide active ingredient that is a
gas under treatment conditions 熏蒸
Animal / Plant Inspection 动植物检验
INSP Inspection / Inspector 检验/检验员
Certificate of Origin ( normally issued or signed by a Chamber of
Commerce or Embassy ) （始发地）原产地证书
Arbitration 仲裁
FAE Fresh Air Exchange 空气交换
The fresh air exchange system on a reefer removes harmful gases
from perishable commodities. The fresh air vent is adjustable to
accommodate a variety of cargo
Force Majeure 不可抗力
M/F FILING Manifest Fling 舱单申报
ACS Automated Commercial System 自动商务系统
A system of software programs between Customs and brokers
to communicate. These programs are design with the ultimate
goal of paperless transaction between Customs and brokers
ABI Automated Broker Interface ( part of ACS ) 自动的报关行接口
Which permits transmission of data pertaining to merchandise
being imported into the United States.
(Qualified participants include brokers, importers, carriers, port
authorities, and independent data processing companies referred
to as service centers.)
ACH Automated Clearing House ( part of ACS ) 自动清关
Which allows electronic funds transfer for payment of estimated
duties, taxes, and fees on imported merchandise
AMS Automated Manifest System ( for anti-terrorism ) 自动舱单（反恐）申报系统
An application that expedites the clearance of cargo for the
subsequent release of containers when imported to the U.S.
through electronic submission of cargo manifests in lieu of
bulk paper manifests.
CSI Container Security Initiative 集装箱安全防范措施
To address the threat terrorists pose to containerized
shipping, Customs developed CSI.
为应对恐怖主义对集装箱运输。。推出
CSS Cargo Selectivity System 货物抽验
It is how Customs selects freight or documentation to be
examined. Examinations are chosen by the risk of importer
and manufacturer or activities with certain tariff numbers.
CTPAT Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism 海关贸易合作反恐条例
SCAC Standard Carrier Alpha Code 承运人标准数字编码
CHB Customs House Broker 报关行
A company or individual licensed by US Customs to do
business as an agent with US Customs House.
SED (EX-DEC) Shipper’s Export Declaration 货主出口报关单
A form required by Census Bureau for export statistical
purposes, which consists mainly of SHIPPER NAME,
IRS No., CONSIGNEE NAME, HTS, VALUE and
Shipping details plus Freight terms.
SLI Shipper Letter of Instruction 货主出口报关指示函
A carbon form that serves as Ex-Dec and/or B/L
instructions.
HTS Harmonized Tariff Schedule 国际货物编码
The international coding system for commodities.
BONDED WAREHOUSE 保税库
Warehouses approved by Customs for storage and/or
manufacture of goods. Duties assessed and due when
goods enter the U.S.(China) for consumption. No duties
due if re-exported.
BONDED AREA 保税区
BONDED GOODS 保税货物
QUOTAs Quantity of one HTS item allowed to be imported at either
higher or lower rate of duties. 进口配额
DDP Delivery Duty Paid 完税
DDU Delivery Duty Unpaid 未完税
DRAWBACK Duties payment refunded because freight is re-exported
or for similar circumstances 退税金额
Customs fine 海关罚款
Customs seals 海关关封
Application for inspection 检验申请
To expedite the clearance 加快清关
Pilferage 盗窃/偷窃
War risk Insurance coverage for loss of goods resulting from any act of war 战争险
To be liable for a penalty of 受到。。。处罚
To increase predictability 增强了可预测性
Non-fraudulent violation of the regulation 非故意违反规定
To file certifications with Customs 向海关申报有效证明
To follow the current procedure 遵循现行程序
To abide by 。。。rule 遵照。。。规定
To provide specific language 提供一定说法
To be not authorized 不予认可

zyumi

9． Container-related Terms 集装箱相关术语


fleet of containers 集装箱箱队
E/C Equipment control 箱管
TEU Twenty-Foot Equivalent Unit is the value of 1 twenty-foot container. ( 20’GP) 20尺标箱
FEU Forty-Foot Equivalent Unit. 1 Forty-Foot equivalent equals （40’GP）
2 Twenty-Foot containers. 40尺标箱
Corner Fitting 角件
Corner Post 角柱
End Wall/Side Wall 端墙/侧墙
Bull Ring（D Ring）cargo-securing devices mounted in the floor of containers 箱内稳货环
Container No。 箱号
Seal metal strip or lead fastener used for locking freight car 箱封
Seal record a record of the number，condition and marks of identification
on seals made at various times and places，referring to the
movement of the container between origin and destination 箱封检查记录
Collection and Distribution Transport 拼箱分拨运输
SL&C Shipper’s Load and Count 货主装箱、点数
SP & S Shipper’s Pack and Seal 货主装箱、加封
SOC Shipper’s Own Container （SHIPPER OWNED CTN） 货主自有箱
The maintenance of a sufficient quantity of containers may be
expensive, but may prove to be worthwhile in the long run,
depending on the trade volume. In cases, shippers may purchase
from the market the used container to send the cargo with, just
for once and keep the container for a makeshift warehouse
after its delivery or for some other use at destination
COC Carrier’s Own Container（CARRIER OWNED CTN） 船东自有箱
From others’ point of view, containers for a specific carrier’s use are all
called COC. Therefore, the carrier’s leased in containers are also his COC.
Equipment change 换箱
GP General Product ( Dry Cargo ) Container 干货箱
DC Dry Cargo Container 干货箱
Garmentainer 挂衣箱
GOH Garment on Hanger 挂衣箱
HC/HQ HI-CUBE （HIGH CUBE）Container Any container which
exceeds 8 feet 6 inches in height， usually 9’6’’ 高箱
40 TH 40’ TIE High Cube 40尺高箱
40 GH 40’ Garment High Cube 40尺挂衣高箱
40’/45’ HI-CUBE CONTAINER SURCHARGE 40’/45’高箱费
All-in Rate/40’ x 1.125 ( for 40’ HC ) 海运费计收
All-in Rate/40’ x 1.266 (for 45’ HC )
FR Flat Rack Container 框架箱
OT Open Top 开顶箱
PF （Platform Container） 平板箱

RF Refrigerated Container 冷藏箱
COLLAPSIBLE CONTAINER（FR 框架） 折叠式集装箱
DG Container Dangerous Goods Container 危险品箱
Controlled Atmosphere an atmosphere in which oxygen, carbon dioxide and
nitrogen concentrations are regulated, as well as
temperature and humidity. 箱体内气体、温度、湿度调控
Empties Empty containers are provided by ship operators
to cargo owners at container depots. Appropriate
charges are made for the lease of their ownership. 空箱
Genset a portable power generator, which convert fuel into
Electrical power by mechanical means, and from which
A reefer draws power. （手提式/轻便） 冷箱发电机
Power Pack 供冷箱用的小型发电机（可租用）
Container Cleaning 洗箱
VEN Ventilated 通风
FRZ Frozen 冰冻
HTD Heated 加热
I.D. Inside Dimension 箱内尺码
Inside Measurement 箱内尺码
TW ( TARE WEIGHT ) The weight of an empty container 箱子皮重
Container Leasing Co。 租箱公司
Equipment Exchange (Interchange) Receipt 设备交接单
Repositioning 集装箱回空
Inventory Report 盘存报告
Sold Report 卖箱报告
Wear and Tear 正常损耗
Bend/Bow/Dent/Cracked 弯曲/压弯/凹进/裂痕
One Way Free Use 单向免费使用
Container Leasing long-term / short-term lease 集装箱租赁 长期 / 短期
Leasing Company 租箱公司
Repairing Company 修箱公司
Lift On/Off （吊）上车/下车费用
Drayage 短驳拖运
Master lease 总租赁
Trip lease/Return trip lease 航次/回程租赁
Round trip lease 往返租赁
Off-Hire Containers 退租箱
PTI （Pre-Trip Inspection） 冷藏箱预检费
Payload 有效载重量/净载重量
Cable sealing devices 绳缆式箱封设备
Europallet （ 800mm X 1200mm ） 欧（洲）式托盘
Standard pallet （1000mm X 1200mm ） 标准托盘
A 20’can hold 11 Europallets in 1 tier or 9-10 standard pallets
A 40’can hold 23-24 Europallets in 1 tier or 20-21 standard ones
Wooden pallets must be strong enough to allow storage of 3 tiers when loaded.
Carton boxes must not overhang the edges of the pallets.
Boxes which utilize less than 90% of the pallets surface and do not align with the
pallet edge can shift in transit.

One-Way Lease that covers the outbound voyage only，after which the
container is returned to the lease holder at or near destination 单程租箱
Dunnage Lumber or other material used to brace material in carrier’s equipment 垫料
Slip Sheet 活动隔板
Normal / Chemical wash 清洗/化学清洗
Detention Charges raised for detaining container at Customer’s
premises for longer period than provided in Tariff 空箱滞箱费
Demurrage 重箱滞箱费

zyumi

10. L/C Terms 信用证术语


L/C Letter of Credit 信用证
L/C is a reliable and safe method of payment, facilitating trade with
unknown buyers and giving protection to both sellers and buyers.
为跟不了解的买方做贸易，采用信用证结汇十分方便，可以保护
买卖双方利益
1. The issuance of a L/C starts with the buyer who instructs his
bank to open a credit ( issue an L/C ) in favor of the seller for
the amount of the purchase.
先由买方指示其银行开信用证，收款方开卖方
2. The buyer’s bank ( opening bank ) sends the L/C to its
correspondent in the seller’s country, giving instructions
about the amount of the credit, the beneficiary, the currency,
the documents required and other special instructions.
买方银行（开证行）将信用证开到其在卖方国家相应的议付行，
指示信用证金额，受益方，币种，所需的单据文件以及其它
特殊要求

3. Upon receipt of the L/C, the correspondent advises the seller
of the same immediately.
议付行收悉信用证后应随即如实通知卖方

4. The seller deals with the correspondent bank and prepares for
the shipment of the buyer’s order.
卖方与议付行接洽后即准备出运买方的定单货载

5. After shipment, the seller presents the relative shipment
documents to the bank, which should be clearly marked with
‘On board MV xxx’ together with a bill of exchange (汇票) drawn
on the opening bank.
货载出运后，卖方将相关的盖有‘On Board MVxxx’字样的
货载单证连同带有开证行抬头的汇票一并交议付行

6. The correspondent bank pays the money to the seller when
documents presented are found to be in order.
议付行经验证卖方单据完整无误后即向卖方结汇

7. The correspondent bank then sends all the shipping documents to
the buyer’s bank, which, in turn, passes them to the buyer, who
finally reimburses the correspondent bank through the buyer’s bank.
议付行然后将所有的货载单据转给买方银行，买方银行再转交给
买方；买方最终通过买方银行向议付行支付

to meet the applicable L/C requirements 以满足信用证要求
L/G Letter of Guarantee 银行保函
L/I Letter of Indemnity 赔偿保证书
Opening （Issuing）Bank at importers place 开（信用）证行
Advising （Notifying）Bank at exporters place 通知行
Paying （Drawee）Bank at exporters place 付款行
Negotiating Bank A bank named in the credit；examines the documents
and certifies to the issuing bank that the terms are
complied with。 议付行

zyumi

11．Survey,Claim,Insurance-Related Terms 检验，索赔，保险相关术语


Invoicing 开发票
T/T Telegraphic Transfer 电汇
A/C Account 帐户
Appreciate 升值
Depreciate 贬值
Ditto/Do 同上
Credit Note 贷方通知单
Debit Note 借方通知单
Financial Responsibilities 财务责任
Capital Budget 资金预算
Cash Flow 流动资金
Balance Sheet 资产负债表
Statement of Account 对帐单
Amount Receivable 应收款
Account Payable 应付款
Accounting Dept。 财务处/会计科
CUR Currency 货币
PRO FORMA INVOICE An invoice composed in lieu of original invoice (代发票)
Consular Invoice 领事发票
Documentary Credit 单证信誉

ALL RISKS （War，Strike，Riot，Mob not included） 全险（综合险）
POLICY 保单
Insurance Premium 保费
We usually effect insurance for 110% of invoice value. （货运险）按发票金额的110%投保
The insurance value is calculated as : 投保金额计算方法
Costs of goods + amount of freight + insurance premium +
a percentage of profit on the sale of goods
the extra premium 其它险种保费
VOYAGE POLICY 航次保单
THE HAGUE RULES 海牙规则
Less risk of damage 受损风险小
Case 案例
Complaint 投诉
Justified / unjustified complaint 合理/不合理投诉
Dispute 争议
Surveyor 检验师
Cargo Surveyor 商检员/师
Surveyors Report 检验报告
Be （not）liable for the damage （不）对货损负责
The damage was obviously attributed to defective packing。 显然是因包装而造成货损
Endorse 背书
Liquidated Damage 违约赔偿金
Claim 索赔
Claimant 提赔方（人）
Irrespective of the result 不论结果如何
Within time limit 在规定期限内
Penalty 处罚
High fines 重罚
To be found short （missing/damaged） 短缺（灭失/受损）
Final settlement of a claim 最终结案
Financial capabilities 财力
Payment will be made by 8 quarterly installments 每季度付一次，8期付清
though the grand total was correct 虽说总计数没错
Confidential 保密
IMO International Maritime Organization 国际海事组织
IMDG Code International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code
The IMO recommendations for the carriage of
dangerous goods by sea 国际海事组织危险品编码
Incoterms a set of uniform rules codifying the interpretation
of trade terms defining the rights and obligation
of both buyer and seller 国际贸易术语解释通则
To recognize the validity of the comments 注意到这些说法的合理性
ECU European Currency Units。A financial unit used for EC accounting 欧元单位

zyumi

12． FMC-related Terms FMC相关术语


‘The United States government takes the position that all practices
related to cargo moving via CHINA SHIPPING to or from the United
States are subject to the rules of the United States government, even
though the practice occurs in China or in some other place outside
The United States, and even though the Merchant or agent never
goes to the United States.’
“美国政府的政策定位是凡‘中海’承运的美国进出口货物的运作均应受控于
美国政府有关政策规定，即使此类运作仅发生在中国或在美国以外的国家或
地方；抑或发货人或其代理从来就没有到过美国。”

FMC Federal Maritime Commission 美国联邦海事委员会
Enforcement Bureau FMC的执行局
Coast Guard 美国海上警卫队
CBP Customs and Border Protection 美国海关边防总署
ICB International Carrier Bond 国际承运人保证金
TIB Temporary Importation Bond 临时进口保证金
For shipments entering the U.S. on temporary basis
Surety 担保 （保证金）
ATFI Automated Tariff Filing and Information System 自动费率报备系统
TARIFF（RATE）FILING 费率（运价）报备
AMENDMENT FILING 修改运价报备
OSRA Ocean Shipping Reform Act of 1998 1998航运改革法
DPI Distribution-Publications Inc. 美国一家运价费率报备公司
Violations 违规操作
Penalty 罚款
Suspend a carrier’tariff 吊销承运人运价本
Compel production of documents and answers to questions
强行要求出具文件、单证；对所提问题作出答复
Entering into a S/C with 与。。。签定服务合同
Knowingly and willfully 明知故犯
File a complaint 投诉
Operating under an un-filed agreement 按未经报备的所谓合同进行运输
Operating under an agreement that has yet to become effective under law
按尚未生效的合约进行运输
Misrating a bill of lading is a violation of the Shipping Act regardless of intent
无论动机是好或是不好，错定运价即是违反（84）航运法
Unreasonable discrimination or preference 不合理的歧视和偏袒
Unfair or unreasonable to deal 不公平或不合理的拒绝运输
Retaliation 报复
Monitor Carrier Rates 监督承运人运价

Purpose - to prevent unreasonable discrimination among shippers.
目的－保护托运人免受不合理的歧视
Require publication of tariff rates.
要求公布运价本
有船承运人和无船承运人
Require filing of confidential service contract rates.
要求对保密性的服务合同运价登记
FMC does not approve rates.
FMC不对运价进行审批
Exception: controlled carriers.
例外：受控承运人

Petitioner request the Commission to determine whether CSA’s members have violated
the Shipping Act through discriminatory service contracting and rating practices in the
Caribbean trades that intentionally discriminate against OTIs in violation of sections 10…
控方请求海事委员会裁定‘加勒比船东协会’成员公司采取签署旨在歧视远洋运输
中介的服务合同和确定运价的做法是否违反了航运法第10节。。。

NVOCC OTIs depend upon the member lines to transport their shipments, approximately
90% of which move under service contracts.
远洋运输中介中的无船承运人得依靠成员公司承运货载，大约90%的货是采用服务合同运输的。

Petitioner asserts that the member lines’ service contract offers to NVOs have
Eliminated all commodity rates other than FAK and GDSM, thereby depriving
NVOs of a rate basis on which to compete for full container load (FCL), single
commodity shipments.
控方认为公会成员公司给NVO签署的服务合同，仅保留了FAK和GDSM运价，
其它所有货种的运价都被取消，从而剥夺了NVO赖以竞争的单一货种的整箱货
的基价。

zyumi

呵呵，终于全部传完了，再次感谢 lovewinnie Capricornus 。

Alexidad

Thanks so much!!!