mongodb配置及应用实例

残步踏青莲 · 发表于 2012-2-29 16:40

mongbdb是文档型数据库(nosql)，可以到http://www.mongodb.org/downloads下载对应版本，这里用的是win下32位的，下载后解压，可以看到bin目录下有很有exe文件，我把文件放到了I盘，并重启名字MongoDB，新建文件夹data(后面会用到)，如图

现在打开命令行窗口并切换到mongo存放目录，mongod启动服务，如图

这里用到了--dbpath data指定数据文件存放的目录，这就是前面新建的data文件夹，它不会自动创建，如果不指定存放路径(--dbpath data)仅用mongod启动，需要在当前盘符的根目录创建data/db文件夹，它会自动查找，当看到最后的端口号就说明启动成功了！
当然每次启动都比较麻烦，可以定制成windows服务，我们在data文件夹下创建俩个子文件夹如图

以管理员身份打开命令行窗口并切换到mongodb所在目录，执行命令如图

--directoryperdb说明是否为每一个数据库创建一个文件夹，最后--install安装(注意设置--logpath时要指定一个.log文件，不存在会自动创建)。
看到 command line via 'net start "MongoDb"'说明定制成功，输入
net start MongoDB启动服务
net stop MongoDB停止服务
sc delete MongoDB删除服务或运行→regedit→注册表编辑器→HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services找到相应服务删除即可
现在打开http://127.0.0.1:27017/可以看到

也可以打开http://127.0.0.1:28017/看一些服务端状态信息
扯了这么多还是直接实例来操作数据库吧，这里我用的是c#驱动，光c#就有很多种，很多人都喜欢用samus驱动，因为支持linq语法，这里也选择此驱动，下载地址https://github.com/samus/mongodb-csharp
如果下载的直接是.dll文件添加引用即可，如果是源码，编译下在引用.dll即可，目录结构

Customer
View Code ?

namespace mytest
{
public class Customer
{
 [MongoId]
 public string CustomerID { get; set; }
 public string CustomerName { get; set; }
 [MongoIgnore]
 public string Address { get; set; }
}

}

CustomerBLL
View Code ?

namespace mytest
{
public class CustomerBLL
{

 public static void Insert(Customer customer)
 {
 using (MGHelper mm = new MGHelper())
 {
 mm.GetCollection<Customer>().Insert(customer);
 }
 }

 public static void Delete(string customerId)
 {
 using (MGHelper mm = new MGHelper())
 {
 mm.GetCollection<Customer>().Remove(x => x.CustomerID == customerId);
 }
 }

 public static void Update(Customer customer)
 {
 using (MGHelper mm = new MGHelper())
 {
 mm.GetCollection<Customer>().Update(customer, (x => x.CustomerID == customer.CustomerID));
 }
 }

 public static Customer GetById(string customerId)
 {
 using (MGHelper mm = new MGHelper())
 {
 return mm.GetCollection<Customer>().FindOne(x => x.CustomerID == customerId);
 }
 }
}

}

MGHelper
View Code ?

namespace mytest
{
public class MGHelper : IDisposable
{

 private Mongo _mongo;
 private IMongoDatabase _db;

 public MGHelper()
 : this("Server=127.0.0.1", "test")
 {
 }

 public MGHelper(string connectionString, string dbName)
 {
 if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(connectionString))
 throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString");
 _mongo = new Mongo(connectionString);
 _mongo.Connect();
 if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(dbName) == false)
 _db = _mongo.GetDatabase(dbName);
 }

 public IMongoDatabase UseDb(string dbName)
 {
 if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(dbName))
 throw new ArgumentNullException("dbName");

 _db = _mongo.GetDatabase(dbName);
 return _db;
 }

 public IMongoDatabase CurrentDb
 {
 get
 {
 if (_db == null)
 throw new Exception("当前连接没有指定任何数据库。请在构造函数中指定数据库名或者调用UseDb()方法切换数据库。");
 return _db;
 }
 }

 /// <summary>
 /// 获取当前连接数据库的指定集合【依据类型】
 /// </summary>
 /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
 /// <returns></returns>
 public IMongoCollection<T> GetCollection<T>() where T : class
 {
 return this.CurrentDb.GetCollection<T>();
 }

 /// <summary>
 /// 获取当前连接数据库的指定集合【根据指定名称】
 /// </summary>
 /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
 /// <param name="name">集合名称</param>
 /// <returns></returns>
 public IMongoCollection<T> GetCollection<T>(string name) where T : class
 {
 return this.CurrentDb.GetCollection<T>(name);
 }

 public void Dispose()
 {
 if (_mongo != null)
 {
 _mongo.Dispose();
 _mongo = null;
 }
 }
}
}

Program演示增加功能
View Code ?

namespace mytest
{
class Program
{
      static void Main(string[] args)
      {

         Customer customer = new Customer();
         customer.CustomerID = 1 + "";
         customer.CustomerName = "GM0";
         customer.Address = "测试";

         CustomerBLL.Insert(customer);

         customer.CustomerID = 2 + "";
         customer.CustomerName = "GM1";

         CustomerBLL.Insert(customer);

      }

}

}

这里用了园友的DBHelper操作类，更多详细介绍http://www.cnblogs.com/fish-li/archive/2011/06/26/2090800.html
执行过后如何查看结果呢，mongodb提供了Javascript shell

相应命令都很直译，就不解释了...
mongodb的索引
View Code ?

namespace mytest
{
class Program
{
 static void Main(string[] args)
 {
 TestMongodb tm = new TestMongodb();
 tm.InsertMongo();
 tm.Start();
 Console.ReadLine();
 }
}

public class TestMongodb
{
 private Mongo mongo;
 private MongoDatabase mongoDatabase;
 private MongoCollection<Document> mongoCollection;

 public TestMongodb()
 {
 mongo = new Mongo("mongodb://localhost");
 mongoDatabase = mongo.GetDatabase("testDB") as MongoDatabase;
 mongoCollection = mongoDatabase.GetCollection<Document>("testCollection") as MongoCollection<Document>;
 mongo.Connect();
 }

 ~TestMongodb()
 {
 mongo.Disconnect();
 }

 //插入数据
 public void InsertMongo()
 {
 var random = new Random();
 TimeSpan span = new TimeSpan(DateTime.Now.Ticks);
 for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++)
 {
 Document doc = new Document();
 doc["ID"] = i;
 doc["Data"] = "data" + random.Next(10000);
 mongoCollection.Save(doc);
 }
 TimeSpan span1 = new TimeSpan(DateTime.Now.Ticks);

 string op = string.Format("执行了{0}秒，共插入{1}条数据", span1.Subtract(span).Duration().Seconds, mongoCollection.FindAll().Documents.Count());
 Console.WriteLine(op);
 }
 //删除数据
 public void RemoveMongo()
 {
 mongoCollection.Remove(x => true);
 }

 //创建索引
 public void CreateIndex(string index)
 {
 mongoCollection.Metadata.CreateIndex(new Document() { { "_" + index + "_", 1 } }, false);
 }
 //删除索引
 public void DropIndex(string index)
 {
 mongoCollection.Metadata.DropIndex("_" + index + "_");
 }

 //排序
 public void SortForData()
 {
 mongoCollection.FindAll().Sort(new Document() { { "Data", 1 } });
 }

 public void Start()
 {
 Stopwatch watch = new Stopwatch();
 watch.Start();
 SortForData();
 Console.WriteLine("无索引排序时间:" + watch.Elapsed);

 CreateIndex("Data");

 Stopwatch watch1 = new Stopwatch();
 watch1.Start();
 SortForData();
 Console.WriteLine("有索引排序时间:" + watch1.Elapsed);
 }
}
}

测试截图

此文章转自http://www.cnblogs.com/ygm125/archive/2011/08/30/2159786.html