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A consultant (from the Latin consultare means "to discuss" from which we also derive words such as consul and counsel) is a professional who provides advice in a particular area of expertise such as accountancy, the environment, technology, law, human resources, marketing, medicine, finance, economics, public affairs, communication, engineering, graphic design, or waste management.
A consultant is usually an expert or a proffessional in his or her specific field, a self-employed or works for a consultancy firm, usually with multiple and changing clients. Thus, clients have access to deeper levels of expertise than would be feasible for them to retain in-house, and to purchase only as much service from the outside consultant as desired. It is generally accepted good corporate governance to hire consultants as a check to the Principal-Agent problem.[citation needed]
'Consultant' is also the term used to denote the most senior medical position in the United Kingdom, Australia and Ireland (e.g., a consultant surgeon).
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A consultor is one who gives council, i.e. a counselor.
In the Catholic Church, it is a specific title for various advisory positions:
in the Roman Curia a consultor is an expert who advises the prefect, members, and staff of a dicastery on subjects relating to their expertise. These consultors can be members of the clergy, the religious, the laity, and possibly even non-Catholics.
in a diocese, a college of consultors consists of priests charged with advising the bishop; one of the duties of the diocesan college of consultors is to elect a diocesan administrator during a period sede vacante.
in certain regular congregations (i.e. religious orders) consultors can advise the superior-general, (e.g. the six geographically diverse consultors to the Superior general of the Passionists), provincial superior (e.g. Redemptorist Vice-provincials), or a local superior.
consultors:参议员:包括圣部的、教区的或修会的。
consultor, college of:参议会:教区主教可从司铎谘议会中任命若干司铎组成参议会,享有法律所规定的职务(法典502)。修会亦有类似组织(法典627)。 |
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